Science of Gem

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13/03/2026

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Researchers at GIA in Tokyo recently observed two-phase inclusions in several Paraíba tourmalines. These features contain carbon dioxide gas and water.

Why does this matter? These delicate inclusions typically rupture during heat treatment. The fact that they’re intact suggests that these Paraíba tourmalines were likely not heated. Untreated Paraíba tourmalines are rare and highly prized.

Findings like this help gemologists better understand how these remarkable gems form and support accurate identification in the laboratory.

Read more about this inclusion in a recent issue of G&G: https://bit.ly/4ljhEgq

Photomicrograph: Kazuko Saruwatari
Field of view 1.10mm

08/03/2026
15/04/2021

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